Curvularia lunata, aspergillus parasiticus and mucor spp. Curvularia is a hyphomycete fungus which is a facultative pathogen, or beneficial partner of many plant species and common in soil. Frontiers interaction of thp1 monocytes with conidia. Curvularia is a rich genus in host range and geographic distribution compared to bipolaris. Tricyclazole, a specific inhibitor of pentaketide melanin biosynthesis, blocked the biosynthesis of melanin in curvularia lunata and caused the accumulation of the melanin metabolites flaviolin and 2hydroxyjuglone. Metabolites from the endophytic fungus curvularia sp. Experimental treatment of curvularia infection, diagnostic. Evaluation of curvularia lunata as an biological control. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 52 isolates clustered. Although rarely pathogenic, curvularia species have been reported to cause a variety of human systemic, subcutaneous, and cutaneous mycoses 4. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of foot web by curvularia lunata. The teleomorphic state of the type species curvularia lunata is cochliobolus lunatus fam.
Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to curvularia lunata in an. Cochliobolus lunatus is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals. Involvement of a velvet protein clvelb in the regulation of. Fungal peritonitis associated with curvularia geniculata. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. However, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case series of invasive curvularia infection in children with lymphoid malignancy, and these cases emphasize the important role of directtissue or isolate sequencing for accurate diagnosis and faster identification of fungal pathogens. Curvulariafavorable response to oral itraconazole therapy in. The first reports of curvularia endophthalmitis are from india in early 2000. Curvularia is a facultative pathogen and may cause leaf spots and seedling blight.
The patient was presumed cured after a corneal transplant and treatment with itraconazole, but the infection recurred and the patient is. Interaction of the human monocytic cell line, thp1 with clinical isolates of three curvularia species were examined. Curvularia lunata is an important fungus for respiratory allergic disorders. Curvularia is an important contaminant of stored rice in nigeria makun et al. Involvement of a velvet protein clvelb in the regulation. Mycetomas caused by curvularia lunata, madurella grisea. Melanin biosynthesis in the fungus curvularia lunata. In particular, accu reference medical lab has revolutionized testing for respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, which allows for a significantly earlier detection of pathogens than any other technology. Curvularia leaf spot on maize maize leaf showing symptoms.
It is now one of the 20 species listed as weeds of nationals ignificance. Aloe vera, curvularia lunata, curvularia ovoidea, leaf spot, india introduction aloe vera l. The filamentous funguscurvularia lunata has enzymatic activities of biotechnological significance. Test classification this test has been cleared or approved by the u. Most curvularia are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in temperate zones curvularia defined by the type species c. Bensch westerdijk fungal biodiversity institute, uppsalalaan 8, utrecht, the netherlands botanische staatssammlung munchen, menzinger stra. The aim of this study was to report a case of a 52yearold man with a rare fungal endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma with a fish hook. A biologically active metabolite was found in crude extracts of curvularia lunata wakker boedijn atcc 34690 isolated from decayed tissues of litchi fruit litchi chinensis sonn. Curvularia infections in humans are relatively uncommon despite the ubiquitous presence of this soildwelling dematiaceous fungus in the environment. Secondary metabolites biosynthesized by pure cultures of three soilhabitat fungi. In immunosuppressed patients, infections are often serious, and systemic dissemination is not uncommon. Curvularia lunata is a versatile organism, which has fascinated the scientific and commercial world because of its ability to biotransform steroidal. Prolonged curvularia endophthalmitis due to organism.
Recent studies have shown that morphological identification does not correlate with molecular identification manamgoda et al. Establishing a diagnosis of an allergy to curvularia lunata. Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by curvularia has been reported 2. C, histopathologic photomicrograph of curvularia organisms in the corneal stroma of the trauma patient gomori methenamine silver, original. In total, 167 epiphytic yeast strains were evaluated, revealing that of these yeast strains demonstrated. Although rare in humans, these infections are being reported at an increasing rate. Influence of culture filtrate of seedborne curvularia lunata and trichoconiella padwickii on seed germination.
Curvularia has a downy or suedelike texture and may be a medium shade of brown to dark brown or nearly black in color. Establishing a diagnosis of an allergy to curvularia lunata defining the allergen responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms. Four cases of mycetoma are described from the sudan. A new curvularia lunata variety discovered in huanghuaihai region. Curvularia is a dematiaceous fungus that is ubiquitous among soil and vegetation in temperate areas and has only recently been revealed to cause human disease. Jan 19, 2018 in our previous study, we have successfully cloned and deleted the pks18 gene, which is involved in 1,8. We communicate a case of dermatomycosis of the toe web caused by curvularia lunata, mimicking intertriginous tinea pedis. They migrate to the infected site and eliminate the infectious agents by various mechanisms including.
Performance characteristics were verified by mayo clinic in a manner consistent with clia requirements. Evaluation of curvularia lunata as an biological control agent in major weeds. A, a hypopyon and an iris lesion, representing a nidus of curvularia sequestration, in a patient with pseudophakia case 1. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, native to central and south america, is an aggressive weed in aquatic ecosystems in australia, and was introduced as a pasture plant in the 1970s. Along with the closely related bipolaris genus, curvularia can cause a wide range of serious plant diseases, particularly. However, three ubiquitous species have been recovered from human infections, principally from cases of mycotic keratitis. Fungal sternal wound infection due to curvularia lunata in a neonate with congenital heart disease. Members of this filamentous fungal genus can cause deep mycoses emerging in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. It is interesting to note that curvularia species form dark pigmented colonies on the culture media whereas in tissues the fungal elements are hyaline to brown, with varying morphologic features 5. We have examined the effects of different media on the 17. Since that time, curvularia has been reported as a cause of disease in the upper respiratory tract 3, 9, 15, lower respiratory. In many countries, agricultural residues are generated in large quantities, and most of these are underutilized and considered waste, especially in developing countries. This case represents the third known reported infection caused by this rare species.
To date, however, only five known reports of endophthalmitis caused by curvularia spp. These are curvularia lunata, curvularia pallescens and curvularia geniculata. Dermatomycosis of the toe web caused by curvularia lunata. In this study, curvularia affinis was isolated from the leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. Curvularia lunata endophthalmitis journal of ocular. Curvularia lunata and phyllachora sp two fungal pathogens of the. Household mold symptoms can be caused by several common types of mold in homes. The anamorph of this fungus is known as curvularia lunata, while cochliobolus lunatus denotes the teleomorph or. Curvularia lunata, ige, serum duke university hospital. After the development of endophthalmitis, vitrectomy and lens explantation with positive culture for curvularia lunata were carried out. As well as being a contaminant, curvularia may cause infections in both humans and animals 1219, 1295, 1806, 2144. Curvularia species are ubiquitous and occasionally lead to infections in humans. The patient was submitted to wound repair and hook extraction. Comparative analysis of phylogenetic relationships.
Fungal peritonitis caused by curvularia lunata in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Hence, curvularia lunata can be considered as a probable agent for the biological control of alisma plantagoaquatica, echinochloa spp. Curvularia lunata allergy ige immunocap specimen requirements. B, corneal laceration repair with corneal infiltrate harboring curvularia organisms in a trauma patient case 2. Cochliobolus lunatus is a known plant and human pathogen. Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to curvularia lunata. Invasive curvularia infection in pediatric patients with. Originally thought to be solely a pathogen of plants, curvularia has been described as a pathogen of humans and animals in the last halfcentury, causing respiratory tract, cutaneous, and corneal infections. Cultural and physiological studies on curvularia lunata, a casual agent of grain. Establishing a diagnosis of an allergy to curvularia lunata defining the allergen responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms identifying allergens. Curvularia lunata an overview sciencedirect topics. The first is an authentic case due to curvularia lunata. I here present two cases, a healthy man with locally invasive, mulicentric paranasal fungal sinusitis, and a case of progressive verrucal distal onychomycosis that.
In 20 and 20162017, the occurrences of curvularia leaf spots on maize were investigated in fields located in henan, hebei, shandong, and anhui provinces. Moreover, we hypothesized that other genes may also be related to the melanin and toxin production, or. For example, it is produced by curvularia lunata and has been recoded as a toxin on sorghum and rice grains anthony et al. The patient was a 50yearold married white woman, commercial employee, with a scaling lesion in the web between the fourth and fifth toes of the right foot of six month duration. Curvularia lunata appears as shiny velvetyblack, fluffy growth on the colony surface. Mold identification and antifungal susceptibilities were done on 2 separate samples of vitreous fluid and they were found to be consistent with curvularia lunata by the use of pcr amplification methods. Responsible for allergic disease andor anaphylactic episode to confirm sensitization prior to beginning immunotherapy to investigate the specificity of allergic reactions to insect venom allergens, drugs, or chemical allergens. Most species of curvularia are facultative pathogens of soil, plants, and cereals in tropical or subtropical areas, while the remaining few are found in temperate zones. It is also seen on castor beans, cotton, rice, barley, wheat, and corn. Seedling rot disease in rice leads to significant loss in the production of seedlings. Curvularia lunata, isolated from the capitula of paepalanthus chiquitensis. Curvularia is a hyphomycete found in plants and soil of tropical and temperate countries. Pdf cultural and physiological studies on curvularia lunata, a.
Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to curvularia lunata in. Oct 30, 20 fungal peritonitis associated with curvularia geniculata and pithomyces species in a patient with vulvar cancer who was successfully treated with oral voriconazole. Pdf first report of curvularialunata causing leaf spots. Curvularia can be easily distinguished from bipolaris and drechslera spp. Curvularia lunata is an ascomycete filamentous fungus causing local and invasive phaeohyphomycoses in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. I here present two cases, a healthy man with locally invasive, mulicentric paranasal fungal sinusitis, and a case of progressive verrucal. It is associated with open globe injuries and is a common cause of secondary fungal keratitis after diagnostic aspiration. The ortholog of aspergillus nidulans velb, which is known as clvelb, was studied to gain a broader insight into the functions of a velvet protein in curvularia lunata. According to the literature, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on a. Phaeohyphomycosis is the general term for infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. Top appearance of curvularia lunata cultures on potato dextrose agar. Curvularia leaf spot on maize maize leaf showing symptoms of curvularia leaf spot. Macroconidia of curvularia lunata obtained from culture isolation on sabourauds dextrose agar 2. Thier teleomorph forms are described in the cochliobolus and pseudocochliobolus genera 4.
First report of curvularialunata causing leaf spots on sorghum bicolor from pakistan. Mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis and in vitro. Curvularia lunata, ige, serum rice memorial hospital. Curvularia is a mold which is associated with allergy in the literature and frequently reported in mold spore counts. Three weeks after the trauma, a cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and inthebag intraocular lens implantation was performed. Apr 10, 2017 the ortholog of aspergillus nidulans velb, which is known as clvelb, was studied to gain a broader insight into the functions of a velvet protein in curvularia lunata. The fungus was grown on a shredded wheatyeast extractsucrose medium, and cultures were extracted with chloroform after 3 weeks of growth at 21c. The isolates were analyzed in terms of phylogenetic relationships, morphology, and pathogenicity. Pdf curvularia is a dematiaceous mold that infects plant species and is found in the soil. Curvularia lunata is a causative agent of onychomycosis, dialysisassociated peritonitis, eumycotic mycetoma, mycotic keratitis and sinusitis, subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, and systemic phaeohyphomycosis, including disseminated disease. Spirocyclic lactams and curvulinic acid derivatives from the. First described as acrothecium lunata by wakker and went in 1898, curvularia was not documented as a human pathogen until 1959, when it was isolated from a mycetoma. Fungal maxillary sinusitis caused by curvularia lunata. Most kinds of mold grow and spread quickly, but according to the university of adelaide website, this particular strain of mold grows especially fast.
Read experimental treatment of curvularia infection, diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Curvularia is a species of mold that relate mostly to subtropical and tropical plant parasites. Neutrophils are crucial participants of the first line host defense against fungal infections. Pdf identification of curvularia lunata by polymerase. Chromatographic analysis led to the isolation of four new compounds, murranofuran a 1, murranolide a 2, murranopyrone 3a, and murranoic acid a 4a, along with six known. Curvularia lunata is a versatile organism, which has fascinated the scientific and commercial world because of its ability to biotransform steroidal substrates viz.
Earrot of paddy by curvularia lunata, near allahabad. Order name curvularia test number 5610775 revision date 021120. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. A case of mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis is reported. Curvulariafavorable response to oral itraconazole therapy. Aug 09, 20 we report the findings of persistent fungal endophthalmitis in a 74yearold female patient who had undergone prior cataract surgery. A phylogenetic analysis of the genera bipolaris and curvularia has resulted in a realignment of. The patient was presumed cured after a corneal transplant and treatment with itraconazole, but the infection recurred and. The genus curvularia contains about 80 species, which are mostly soil or plant pathogens. This research was conducted to explore yeasts that could be used as biological control agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by curvularia lunata and helminthosporium oryzae. The anamorph of this fungus is known as curvularia lunata, while cochliobolus lunatus denotes the teleomorph or sexual state. Pathogens free fulltext response of human neutrophil. Multiple vessels showed thrombosis, and generalized cerebral edema was present. The infection was controlled with the administration of systemic.
Identification of curvularia lunata by polymerase chain. They migrate to the infected site and eliminate the infectious agents by various mechanisms including phagocytoses, oxidative damage, or formation. Exo and endoglucanase production by curvularia affinis. During a search for potential biocontrol agents of this weed in the brazilian pantanal do mato grosso, near corumba, two previously unre corded fungal parasites, curvularia lunata and phyllachora sp. Curvularia australiensis, curvularia geniculata, curvularia hawaiiensis, curvularia lunata, curvularia pallescens, and curvularia spicifera as. Cutaneous curvularia infection of the forearm mdedge. Curvularia lunata was isolated from leaf spot of rice var.
Food and drug administration and is used per manufacturers instructions. We report the case of a 73yearold man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, recent pneumonia caused by actinomyces, and a localized plaque on his right lateral forearm extending to his medial arm caused by curvularia species with complete resolution from itraconazole therapy. Curvularia is a dematiaceous fungus found ubiquitously in soil. Curvularia definition of curvularia by medical dictionary.
Portions 2020 mayo foundation for medical education and research. Cochliobolus lunatus is the most commonly reported species in clinical cases of reported. Mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis and in. It was found that monocytes reacted only to the hyphal form of curvularia lunata. Moreover, we hypothesized that other genes may also be related to the melanin and toxin. Pdf identification of curvularia lunata by polymerase chain. In our previous study, we have successfully cloned and deleted the pks18 gene, which is involved in 1,8. Fungal hyphae were detected in corneal scrapings, and repeated cultures were positive for this fungi.
Accu reference medical lab is a regional leader in the fields of toxicology, pharmacogenetics and molecular testing, in addition to routine blood and urine testing. Fungal peritonitis associated with curvularia geniculata and. Most of the following types of mold are far more common than black mold and prolonged exposure will create health problems. Chloroform extracts were toxic to dayold cockerels and caused. Identification of curvularia lunata by polymerase chain reaction in a case. One of the endophytic fungi with promising antimicrobial activities was the strain curvularia lunata, isolated from a healthy.